Putin keen to show Russia remains a major military power

Poseidon test underscores country’s role in global nuclear arms race

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Guy Faulconbridge and Maxim Rodionov

Russian President Vladimir Putin holds icons painted on ballistic plates from body armour, which were presented to him by service members, during his visit to the Mandryk Central Military Clinical Hospital in Moscow, Russia, on October 29 2025. (Vyacheslav Prokofyev)

Moscow ― President Vladimir Putin said on Wednesday that Russia had successfully tested a Poseidon nuclear-powered super torpedo that military analysts say is capable of devastating coastal regions by triggering vast radioactive ocean swells.

As US President Donald Trump has toughened both his rhetoric and his stance on Russia, Putin has publicly flexed his nuclear muscles with the test of a new Burevestnik cruise missile on October 21 and nuclear launch drills on October 22.

There are few confirmed details about the Poseidon, named after the ancient Greek god of the sea, but it is essentially a nuclear-capable cross between a torpedo and a drone.

Putin, over tea and cakes at a hospital in Moscow with Russian soldiers wounded in the Ukraine war, said the test had taken place on Tuesday.

“For the first time, we managed not only to launch it with a launch engine from a carrier submarine, but also to launch the nuclear power unit on which this device passed a certain amount of time,” Putin said.

“There is nothing like this,” he said, adding there was no way to intercept the Poseidon, which analysts believe has a range of 10,000km and can travel at about 185km/h.

The Burevestnik and Poseidon tests are intended to send a clear message that Russia, in Putin’s words, will never bow to Western pressure over the war in Ukraine.

For Trump, who has called Russia a “paper tiger” for failing to swiftly subdue Ukraine, the message is that Russia remains a global military competitor, especially on nuclear weapons, and that Moscow’s overtures on nuclear arms control should be acted on.

Nuclear arms race

The Poseidon is a new weapon that has appeared amid what Putin has cast as a global arms race - primarily between the US, Russia and China - to modernise and develop their nuclear arsenals.

Poseidon, known in Nato as Kanyon, is 20m long, 1.8m in diameter and weighs 100 tonnes, according to Russian media.

Arms control experts said the weapon breaks most of the traditional nuclear deterrence and classification rules. They have estimated it would carry a two megaton warhead and perhaps is powered with a liquid-metal-cooled reactor.

Putin said Poseidon’s power exceeded that of “even our most promising Sarmat intercontinental-range missile”, which is known as SS-X-29, or Satan II.

Since first announcing the Poseidon and Burevestnik in 2018, Putin has cast them as a response to US moves to build a missile defence shield after Washington in 2001 unilaterally withdrew from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty as well as to Nato’s eastern enlargement.

After Russia’s test of the Burevestnik, Trump said Putin should end the war in Ukraine instead of testing a nuclear-powered missile.

Meanwhile, Ukraine’s military said on Wednesday that Putin’s claims about the town of Kupiansk being surrounded by Russian troops were “fantasies”.

Putin made the claim about the northeast Ukrainian town earlier in the day. Ukraine’s Joint Forces Task Force said Russian troops were in the northern part of the city but that claims about an encirclement were untrue.

DeepState, a Ukrainian open-source battlefield mapping project, did not appear to show an encirclement in Kupiansk.

Reuters